Some of these figures and pages may be copyright protected. I take no responsibility for matters related to copyright laws and regulations. Use these at your own discretion.
Augustine DiGiovanna, Ph.D.
Videos
“Bone Matrix: Calcium Phosphate Salts and Bone
Growth”
https://blausen.com/en/video/bone-matrix-calcium-phosphate-salts-and-bone-growth/
“Bone Cells: Osteoclast Resorbs Bone and
Osteoblasts Form New Bone”
https://blausen.com/en/video/bone-cells-osteoclast-resorbs-bone-and-osteoblasts-form-new-bone/
“Compact Bone vs. Spongy Bone”
https://blausen.com/en/video/compact-bone-vs-spongy-bone/
“Synovial Membrane”
https://blausen.com/en/video/synovial-membrane/
“Osteoarthritis”
https://blausen.com/en/video/osteoarthritis/
“Osteoarthritis of the Hip”
https://blausen.com/en/video/osteoarthritis-of-the-hip/
‘Rheumatoid Arthritis – Knee”
https://blausen.com/en/video/rheumatoid-arthritis-knee/
“Rheumatoid Arthritis – Hand”
https://blausen.com/en/video/rheumatoid-arthritis-hand/
Fig.
9.1 The skeletal system.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/701_Axial_Skeleton-01.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/3D_Male_Skeleton_Anatomy.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Human_skeleton_front_arrows_no_labels.svg
Fig.
9.2 Skeletal support for the spinal cord.
https://www.fairview.org/hlimg/krames/276757.jpg
https://ssl.adam.com/graphics/images/en/9561.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/715_Vertebral_Column.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Cervical_vertebra_blank.svg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cervical_vertebra_blank.svg
Fig.
9.3 Skeletal components as anchors and levers.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Anatomy_and_physiology_of_animals_Antagonistic_muscles%2C_flexion%26tension.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Musclesbicepstriceps_esp.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Relax1contract.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Relax1contract.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/603_Anatomy_of_Long_Bone.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Figure_38_02_04.png
Fig.
9.5 Bone tissue: compact bone and trabecular bone.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/624_Diagram_of_Compact_Bone-new.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Figure_33_02_09.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/606_Spongy_Bone.jpg
Fig.
9.6 Age changes in bone tissue: (a) Trabecular bone. (b) Cortical bone.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Osteoporosis_--_Smart-Servier.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Osteoporosis_6_--_Smart-Servier.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Osteoporosis_02.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Osteoporosis_Locations.png
Fig.
9.7 Effects of osteoporosis on bone
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Cdm_hip_fracture_343.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Skin_folds_over_a_hip_fracture.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Cdm_hip_implant_348.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Osteoporosis_Locations.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Osteoporosis_--_Smart-Servier.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Menopause_-_Osteoporosis_--_Smart-Servier.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/X-ray_of_stress_fracture_of_the_hip.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Colles_fracture.JPG
Fig.
9.8 Vertebrae and slightly movable joints: (a) Young vertebrae and joints. (b)
Crush fractures. (c) Age changes. (d) Intervertebral joints with
osteoarthritis.
(a)
Young vertebrae and joints.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Annulus_Fibrosus.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Vertebra_Posterolateral.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/716_Intervertebral_Disk.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Cervical_vertebra_english.png
https://live.staticflickr.com/306/20157149478_0eef48518d_b.jpg
https://live.staticflickr.com/2911/14784720293_5725cd4946_b.jpg
(b)
Crush fractures.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Blausen_0250_CompressionFracture_Vertebrae.png
https://live.staticflickr.com/3780/20336691242_30ea809a30_b.jpg
https://live.staticflickr.com/5570/14594772299_01806e31ac_b.jpg
https://live.staticflickr.com/5596/14593248120_eb911df60a_b.jpg
https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2917/14776795131_30672f6e98_b.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/L1_2_vertebral_fracture.jpg
(c)
Age changes.
https://live.staticflickr.com/5573/14581563328_9845747bf7_z.jpg
https://live.staticflickr.com/3780/20336691242_30ea809a30_b.jpg
https://live.staticflickr.com/2903/14800430253_0326e6b47d_b.jpg
https://live.staticflickr.com/5559/14593907589_0421a0e421_b.jpg
https://live.staticflickr.com/2921/14593894989_a0259116f7_b.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/728_Herniated_Disk.jpg
(d)
Intervertebral joints with osteoarthritis.
https://www.spinehealth.com/images/spinal-arthritis.jpg
VIDEOS
“Lumbar Osteoarthritis Video”
https://www.spine-health.com/video/lumbar-osteoarthritis-video
“Lumbar Spinal Stenosis : Diagnosis and Treatment Options”
See
the first 8 minutes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmeWKqhu-WM
https://www.wallpaperflare.com/bones-skeleton-spine-human-back-body-anatomy-medical-wallpaper-wfgvc
Fig.
9.8 Structure of freely movable joints.
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulaci%C3%B3_(anatomia)#/media/Fitxer:Joint_ca.svg
#/media/Fitxer:Joint_ca.svg){kind=link}
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Joint_ca.svg/2000px-Joint_ca.svg.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/909_Types_of_Synovial_Joints.jpg
Fig.
9.10 Osteoarthritis
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/X-ray_of_a_normal_hip.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/X-ray_of_a_normal_hip_joint.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/X-ray_of_hip_osteoarthritis.jpg
:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/osteoarthritis-569d6e3e3df78cafda9d48ef.jpg){kind=link}
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Osteoarthritis.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/0910_Oateoarthritis_Hip_B.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Severe_(T%C3%B6nnis_grade_3)_osteoarthritis_of_the_hip.jpg
_osteoarthritis_of_the_hip.jpg){kind=link}
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/XRay_ElbowOsteoarthritis_RL_Lateral.jpg
Fig.
9.11 Effects of rheumatoid arthritis on joint structure
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Medical_X-Ray_imaging_SKZ07_nevit.jpg
https://live.staticflickr.com/5563/14596721918_63580f8bfb_b.jpg
https://live.staticflickr.com/5558/14596850827_9abd0b72fe_b.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/RheumatoideArthritisAP.jpg
Fig.
9.12 Age changes in bone mass
©
Copyright 2020: Augustine G. DiGiovanna, Ph.D.,
Salisbury University, Maryland
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