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Augustine
DiGiovanna, Ph.D.
Many
useful images and videos that are at MedLine Plus at https://medlineplus.gov/
. See https://medlineplus.gov/about/using/usingcontent/
for rules on copyrights.
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useful images and videos that are at Wikimedia Commons at
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
(“Wikimedia Commons - a collection of 63,394,994
freely
usable media files to which anyone can contribute”)
Fig. 5.1 The respiratory system and
associated structures.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Blausen_0770_RespiratorySystem_02.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blausen_0770_RespiratorySystem_02.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/2301_Major_Respiratory_Organs.jpg
https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/retrieve.cfm?imageid=1774&dpi=300&fileformat=jpg
https://visuals.nci.nih.gov/images/1773-preview.jpg
https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/images/1774-preview.jpg
Fig.
5.2 Inspiration.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Floating_ribs_lateral.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/2316_Inspiration_and_Expiration.jpg
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Inhalation_and_Exhalation_Diagram.jpg
https://www.elsevier.com/__data/assets/image/0007/138553/McConnell-RMT-Elsevier.jpg
“Breathing”
https://www.dkfindout.com/uk/human-body/lungs-and-breathing/breathing/
https://res.cloudinary.com/dk-find-out/image/upload/q_80,w_960,f_auto/breathing_in_lojov2.jpg
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000018.htm
“Chapter 22: Respiratory System (#2)” – (Slides 4, 7, 10, 16)
https://www.slideshare.net/carolinetokarski1/chapter-22-respiratory-system-2
Videos
“How We Breathe” - (first 2:20 of the video)
https://craighospital.org/resources/how-we-breathe
Ribs
moving
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zinhSpnisqk
Ribs
moving
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9kqb-YYcIE
Fig.
5.3 Passive expiration: (a) Elastic recoil collapses chest partially, causing
expiration.
(b) Elastic recoil collapses balloon, forcing air out.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Hand_pointing_upwards.svg
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2014/03/25/15/26/hands-296850_960_720.png
https://pixabay.com/vectors/hands-two-open-silhouette-welcome-296850/
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https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2020/11/27/22/01/hands-5783064_960_720.png
https://pixabay.com/vectors/hands-caring-love-mercy-silhouette-5783064/
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2012/04/05/01/17/hand-25593_960_720.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Floating_ribs_lateral.png
“Chapter 22: Respiratory System (#2)” – (Slides 4, 7, 17)
https://www.slideshare.net/carolinetokarski1/chapter-22-respiratory-system-2
Fig.
5.4 Forced expiration: (a) Muscle contractions and elastic recoil collapse
chest
partially,
causing rapid expiration. (b) Pressure from hands and elastic recoil collapse
balloon,
forcing air out rapidly.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Floating_ribs_lateral.png
“Chapter 22: Respiratory System (#2)” – (Slides 4, 7, 22)
https://www.slideshare.net/carolinetokarski1/chapter-22-respiratory-system-2
https://slideplayer.com/slide/10562955/36/images/15/Maximal+%28Forced%29+Expiration.jpg
Fig.
5.5 Respiratory passages in the head and neck.
Videos:
https://blausen.com/en/video/overview-of-the-respiratory-tract/
https://blausen.com/en/video/nasal-cavity/
https://blausen.com/en/video/the-pharynx/
https://blausen.com/en/video/the-trachea/
https://blausen.com/en/topic/respiratory/
https://live.staticflickr.com/779/20194771564_cd6de6422e_b.jpg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/14594049867/
“Cunningham’s Test-book of Anatomy” (1914) by
Internet Archive Book images, Page 1157
No known copyright restrictions
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/2301_Major_Respiratory_Organs.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2301_Major_Respiratory_Organs.jpg
Description Illustration from Anatomy &
Physiology, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/,
Jun 19, 2013.
Source Anatomy
& Physiology, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/,
Jun 19, 2013.
Author OpenStax
College
Licensing
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file is licensed under the Creative
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https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/14579137708/in/photostream/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/14579137708/
Image from page 21 of "A text-book of diseases of
the nose and throat" (1907)
Authors:
Kyle, D. Braden (David Braden), 1863-1916
Publisher:
Philadelphia, London, W. B. Saunders Company
Contributing
Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing
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https://live.staticflickr.com/779/20194771564_cd6de6422e_b.jpg
Fig.
5.6 The swallowing reflex: (a) tongue pushes food back. (b) soft palate
Elevates
and epiglottis lowers to close airways. (c) muscle contractions push food into
Esophagus.
(d) wave of contraction pushes food down to stomach.
Https://Upload.Wikimedia.Org/Wikipedia/Commons/9/97/Swallow_Food.Png
Videos
“Swallowing”
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000126.htm
“Peristalsis”
(First 30 seconds)
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000097.htm
Fig.
5.7 Lower Airways And Alveoli.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Human_respiratory_system-NIH.PNG
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Respiratory_System_%28Illustration%29.png
https://visuals.nci.nih.gov/images/1773-preview.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Bronchial_anatomy.jpg
https://i2.wp.com/radiologykey.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/C2-FF1.gif?w=960
Videos
“Gas exchange”
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000059.htm
Fig.
5.8 Effects Of Aging On Alveoli: (A) Young Alveoli.
(B) Old Alveoli.
(a)
Young alveoli
https://live.staticflickr.com/575/20111658724_49c90f1e4b_c.jpg
(b)
Old alveoli - (To be added later)
Fig.
5.9 Age changes in respiratory volumes
Fig.
5.10 Pulmonary circulation and perfusion of the lungs.
https://live.staticflickr.com/5576/14581630319_f349abe10e_c.jpg
See
the left side for normal alveolar structure
Alveolar
membrane components
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Alveolar_wall.jpg
Videos
“The Heart and Circulatory System - How They Work”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWFyxn0qDEU
Videos
for review
“The Lungs and the Pulmonary Circuit”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSskr1IkeW8
©
Copyright 2020: Augustine G. DiGiovanna, Ph.D.,
Salisbury University, Maryland
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