Fig. 9.8a Vertebrae and slightly movable joints: (a) Young vertebrae and joints. (Sources of images and videos below. Used with permission.)

©  Copyright 2020: Augustine G. DiGiovanna, Ph.D., Salisbury University, Maryland
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Sources of images and videos below. Used with permission.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:718_Vertebra_Posterolateral.png

Description English: Vertebra Posterolateral

Date 13 December 2015

Source Modified from File:718 Vertebra.jpg

Author Jmarchn

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Modified: A.G. DiGiovanna

Added labeling.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:716_Intervertebral_Disk.svg

Description Català: Disc intervertebral

Date 13 October 2020

Source Own work

Author Jmarchn

SVG development  The source code of this SVG is invalid due to 6 errors. This W3C-invalid diagram was created with Inkscape.   This SVG diagram uses embedded text that can be easily translated using a text editor.

This SVG diagram contains embedded raster graphics.^[1] Such images are liable to produce inferior results when scaled to different sizes (as well as possibly being very inefficient in file size). If appropriate to do so, they should be replaced with images created using vector graphics.
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https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Functional_spinal_unit_(FSU).webp

Description English: Functional spinal unit (FSU). The FSU represents the smallest motion segment of the spine and exhibits biomechanical characteristics similar to those of the entire spine. Approximately 70% of applied axial compression is transmitted by the vertebral body and the intervertebral discs, with the remaining 30% of the load being distributed through the facet joints

Date 22 March 2018

Source Kushchayev, S.V., Glushko, T., Jarraya, M. et al. ABCs of the degenerative spine. Insights Imaging 9, 253–274 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13244-017-0584-z

Author Irina Nefedova

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This file is licensed under the Creative commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

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Under the following conditions:

attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.

Modified: A.G. DiGiovanna

Added and modified components and labeling. Covered some components and labeling.