Fig. 2.5 The hierarchy of body structure (Images used with permission. See below)

Copyright 2020: Augustine G. DiGiovanna, Ph.D., Salisbury, Maryland

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Previous print editions of the text Human Aging: Biological Perspectives are © Copyright 2000, 1994 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. and 2020 by Augustine DiGiovanna.

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Sources of images used.

Atoms

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atom_clipart_violet.svg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Atom_clipart_violet.svg/184px-Atom_clipart_violet.svg.png

Description	Description: Atom Structure of Beryllium (e=4, P=4, n=4) in violet Theme. Source: Own work

Date	9 August 2010, 22:49 (UTC)

Source	Atom_clipart_violet.png

Author	Atom_clipart_violet.png: Teetaweepo

derivative work: Marek M (talk)

Molecules

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Water_molecule_3D_with-signs.svg/600px-Water_molecule_3D_with-signs.svg.png

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Water_molecule_3D_with-signs.svg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Water_molecule_3D_with-signs.svg/600px-Water_molecule_3D_with-signs.svg.png

Description	English: Molecule of water.

Date	3 March 2020, 21:59 (UTC)

Source	This file was derived from: Water molecule 3D.svg:

Author	File:Water molecule 3D.svg:

derivative work: MikeRun

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Water_molecule_3D.svg/600px-Water_molecule_3D.svg.png

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Water_molecule_3D.svg

Description	English: Molecule of water.

Date	2 November 2006

Source	Water-3D-vdW.png

Author	Dbc334 (first version); Jynto (second version)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DNA-fragment-3D-vdW.png

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/DNA-fragment-3D-vdW.png/544px-DNA-fragment-3D-vdW.png

DNA molecule depicted as a space-filling model

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Organelles

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PH_of_organelles.jpg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/PH_of_organelles.jpg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/PH_of_organelles.jpg

Description	English: A cell with several important organelles and their various pHs.

Date	9 June 2019

Source	Own work

Author	Kayladanesh
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ElectronTransportChainDw001.png

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/ElectronTransportChainDw001.png/800px-ElectronTransportChainDw001.png

Description	English: Complex I-V in the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane. Image shows ATP production and electron transport

Date	20 March 2019

Source	Own work

Author	Dw001

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Mitochondria_Intermembrane_pH.jpg

Description	English: A zoomed in snapshot of the proton gradient created across the mitochondrial inner membrane.

Date	9 June 2019

Source	Own work

Author	Kayladanesh

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mitochondria_Intermembrane_pH.jpg

Cells

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Organelles_of_the_Secretory_Pathway.png

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Organelles_of_the_Secretory_Pathway.png/551px-Organelles_of_the_Secretory_Pathway.png

Description	English: This image shows the organelles that make up the pathway of cellular secretion.

Date	31 January 2013, 15:26:33

Source	http://open.umich.edu/education/med/resources/second-look-series/materials - Cell Biology Slide 11; Histology of Glands Slide 4

Author	Artwork by Holly Fischer

Tissues

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Simple_columnar_epithelium.jpg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Simple_columnar_epithelium.jpg

Description	Simple_columnar_epithelium

Date	30 January 2008

Source	[1] and Image:Illu epithelium.jpg

Author	Made, for the sake of free knowledge to all mankind, by Mikael Häggström (User:Mikael Häggström)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Histology_of_Stomach.svg

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Histology_of_Stomach.svg/512px-Histology_of_Stomach.svg.png

Description	English: The stomach wall and layers of the digestive tract.

Date	29 March 2020

Source	Own work based on: 2415 Histology of StomachN esp.png by OpenStax College

Author	Collectivedogs

Organs

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/3D_Medical_Animation_Muscular_Layers_of_stomach.jpg/800px-3D_Medical_Animation_Muscular_Layers_of_stomach.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:3D_Medical_Animation_Muscular_Layers_of_stomach.jpg

Description	English: 3D Medical Animation still shot of Muscular layers of stomach

Date	15 July 2020

Source	https://www.scientificanimations.com/wiki-images/

Author	https://www.scientificanimations.com

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Blausen_0604_LargeIntestine2_eu.svg/750px-Blausen_0604_LargeIntestine2_eu.svg.png

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blausen_0604_LargeIntestine2.png

Description	English: The Large Intestine. See a related animation of this medical topic.

Date	8 October 2013, 10:53:10

Source	Own work

Author	BruceBlaus. When using this image in external sources it can be cited as:

Blausen.com staff (2014). "Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". wikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436.

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Systems

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Stomach.png

Description	English: Organ available for use in the Häggström diagrams

Date	19 September 2010

Source	File:Gray1050-stomach.png

Author	Mikael Häggström

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blausen_0316_DigestiveSystem.png

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Blausen_0316_DigestiveSystem.png/600px-Blausen_0316_DigestiveSystem.png

Description	English: Digestive System. See a full animation of this medical topic.

Date	5 September 2013, 16:38:38

Source	Own work

Author	BruceBlaus. When using this image in external sources it can be cited as:

Blausen.com staff (2014). "Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". wikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436.

Organism

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Female_shadow_anatomy_without_labels.png

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Female_shadow_anatomy_without_labels.png/197px-Female_shadow_anatomy_without_labels.png

Description	English: Template for use in Inkscape to make diagrams. Further information at project main page: Human body diagrams. To discuss image, please see Talk:Human body diagrams

Date	22 April 2013

Source	All used images are in public domain.

Author	Mikael Häggström

ISSN 2002-4436.