I. Main components
II. Main functions for homeostasis
III. Unique characteristics
A. Self-recognition
B. Specificity
C. Memory
IV. Development of the immune system
A. Macrophages and Langerhans cells
B. Thymus and T-cells
1. HLA receptor
formation
2. Antigen-specific
receptor formation
3. Clonal selection
and suppression
C. B-cells
V. Immune responses
A. Regulation of responses
B. Processing and presentation
C. T-cell participation
1. T-cell specialization
2. Helper T-cell
activities
3. Cytotoxic
T-cell activities
4. Delayed hypersensitivity
T-cell activities
5. Suppressor
T-cell activities
D. B-cell participation
1. B-cell activation
2. Antibodies
E. Memory
1. Secondary
immune response
2. Acquired
active immunity
VI. Age changes
A. Trends
B. Developmental changes
1. Macrophages
and Langerhans cells
2. Thymus and
T-cells
3. B-cells
C. Immune responses
1. Processing
and presentation
2. T-cell participation
3. C-cell participation
and antibodies
4. Memory
D. Consequences
E. Minimizing consequences
VII. Abnormal and disease conditions - autoimmune diseases
A. Bullous pemphigoid
B. Rheumatic heart disease
C. Multiple sclerosis
D. Myasthenia gravis
E. Regional enteritis
F. Ulcerative colitis
G. Grave's disease
©Copyright 1999 - Augustine G. DiGiovanna - All rights reserved.
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are required to purchase the book HUMAN AGING: BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
by Augustine G. DiGiovanna, The McGraw-Hill Companies, New York, 1994 or
2000; (2) If prior written permission is obtained from Augustine G. DiGiovanna.