Arthritis - Outline

Presented as part of symposium on Diseases of Old Age at the Association for Gerontology in Higher Education, March 2, 2002, Pittsburgh, PA

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Normal joint structure and functions

   
Diarthrotic (synovial joints)  
         1. Overall functions
         2. Structure
     Symphysis joints
         1. Structure
         2. Overall functions

Arthritis
         1. Types
         2. Incidence

Osteoarthritis
         1. Effects on joints
         2. Demographics
         3. Causes
            
a. primary osteoarthritis
             b. secondary OA
         4. Joints affected
         5. Development
         6. Signs and Symptoms
         7. Treatments
            
a. avoid joint trauma
             b. lose weight
             c. analgesics
             d. NASAIDS
             e. hyaluronan injections
             f. collagen hydrolysate
             g. mild exercise
             h. selective muscle strengthening
             i. rest
             j. assistive devices (e.g., joint supports, cane, walker, wheel chair)
             k. proper foot wear
             m. heat or cold applications
             n. topical salves and ointments
             o. surgery
             p. psychological support

Rheumatoid arthritis
         1. Characteristics
         2. Effects on joints
         3. Demographics
         4. Causes
         5. Joints affected
         6. Development
         7. Signs and Symptoms
         8. Treatments
            
a. *** try to find better identification of risk factors and pre-clinical diagnostic tests and screening to initiate prevention and treatments before serious effects develop
             b. rest
             c. analgesics
             d. NASAIDS
             e. hydroxychloroquine
             f. ***disease-modifying anti-rheumatoid drugs (DMARDs)
                 1. expensive
                 2. ***methotrexate
                 3. ***celecoxib (Celebrex) (anti-inflammatory and analgesic)
                 4. ***leflunomide (Arava)
                 5. ***enterecept (Enebrel) (a protein)
                 6. ***infliximib (injected) (a mouse/human chimeric monoclonal antibody)
             g. steroidal anti-inflammatory medications
             h. *** drugs under study
             i. Protein A immunoadsorption column
             j. good nutrition
             k. heat or cold applications
             l. surgery
             m. psychological support or therapy
             n. stress reduction

Gouty arthritis
         1. Effects on joints
         2. Demographics
         3. Causes (risk factors)
         4. Development
         5. Signs and Symptoms
         6. Treatments
            
a. NSAIDS
             b. steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
             c. colchicine
             d. allopurinol

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